What Are the Different Types of Coffee Plant

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world, with millions of cups being consumed daily. It is made from the roasted seeds of the Coffea plant. The Coffea plant is a shrub that belongs to the Rubiaceae family. There are over 120 species of Coffea plants, but only two species are commercially grown for coffee production: Coffea Arabica and Coffea Robusta.

Coffea Arabica

Coffea Arabica is native to Ethiopia and is widely considered to be the higher quality coffee compared to its counterpart Coffea Robusta. It accounts for around 60% of the world’s coffee production. The plant grows best in high altitudes (between 1,300 to 1,500 meters) and requires a stable temperature range between 15 and 24 degrees Celsius.

The coffee produced from Coffea Arabica has a mild and delicate flavor with fruity and floral notes. It also contains less caffeine than Coffea Robusta.

Coffea Robusta

Coffea Robusta, also known as Coffea Canephora, is native to West Africa and accounts for about 40% of the world’s coffee production. It grows at lower altitudes (up to 800 meters) and can withstand higher temperatures (up to 30 degrees Celsius).

The coffee produced from Coffea Robusta has a strong, earthy flavor with nutty notes. It also contains more caffeine than Coffea Arabica.

Other Varieties

Apart from these two commercially grown species, there are other varieties of Coffea plants that are used for specialty coffee production. These include:

Liberica

Liberica is a rare variety of coffee plant that accounts for less than 1% of global coffee production. It is native to Liberia and has a unique flavor profile that is described as smoky, woody, and nutty.

Excelsa

Excelsa is a variety of coffee plant that is grown in Southeast Asia. It accounts for about 7% of global coffee production. The flavor profile of Excelsa coffee is described as tart and fruity with a hint of dark chocolate.

Maragogype

Maragogype is a rare coffee plant that produces large beans. It is native to Brazil and has a mild flavor with hints of chocolate and nuts.

FAQ

What is the difference between Arabica and Robusta coffee?

The main differences between Arabica and Robusta coffee are the flavor profile and caffeine content. Arabica coffee has a mild and delicate flavor with less caffeine, while Robusta coffee has a strong, earthy flavor with more caffeine.

Can you grow coffee at home?

Yes, it is possible to grow coffee at home, but it requires specific conditions such as high altitude, stable temperature range, and well-draining soil. It also takes several years for the plant to produce fruit.

How is coffee harvested?

Coffee cherries are harvested by hand or machine. The cherries are then processed to remove the outer layer, leaving behind the beans. The beans are then roasted to produce coffee.