The Different Types of Bee Balm Plant

Bee balm is a herbaceous plant that belongs to the mint family. It is native to North America and is commonly known as Oswego tea, bergamot, or monarda. Bee balm plants are popular for their brightly colored flowers and their ability to attract pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. There are several different types of bee balm plants, each with unique characteristics and growing requirements.

Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)

Wild bergamot is the most common type of bee balm plant. It is a hardy perennial that grows up to 4 feet tall and produces pink or lavender flowers in mid-summer. Wild bergamot prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is tolerant of drought and can thrive in hot, dry conditions.

Scarlet Bee Balm (Monarda didyma)

Scarlet bee balm, also known as crimson bee balm or red bergamot, is a showy perennial that produces bright red flowers in mid-summer. It grows up to 3 feet tall and prefers full sun to partial shade. Scarlet bee balm requires moist, well-drained soil and benefits from regular watering during dry spells.

Lemon Bee Balm (Monarda citriodora)

Lemon bee balm, also known as lemon mint or purple horsemint, is an annual plant that grows up to 2 feet tall. It produces clusters of lavender-pink flowers in mid-summer and has a strong lemon scent when crushed. Lemon bee balm prefers full sun and well-drained soil but can tolerate some shade and drought.

Prairie Bee Balm (Monarda pectinata)

Prairie bee balm, also known as horsemint or plains horsemint, is a native plant that grows up to 2 feet tall. It produces clusters of lavender-pink flowers in mid-summer and has a strong minty fragrance when crushed. Prairie bee balm prefers full sun and well-drained soil but can tolerate some shade and drought.

Spotted Bee Balm (Monarda punctata)

Spotted bee balm, also known as dotted horsemint or spotted mint, is a native plant that grows up to 3 feet tall. It produces clusters of yellow-green flowers with purple spots in mid-summer and has a strong minty fragrance when crushed. Spotted bee balm prefers full sun and well-drained soil but can tolerate some shade and drought.

Purple Bee Balm (Monarda media)

Purple bee balm, also known as purple bergamot or purple horse mint, is a hybrid plant that combines the characteristics of wild bergamot and scarlet bee balm. It grows up to 3 feet tall and produces purple-pink flowers in mid-summer. Purple bee balm prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I grow bee balm in containers?

Yes, you can grow bee balm in containers as long as the container is large enough to accommodate the plant’s root system. Use a well-draining potting mix and water regularly.

How do I propagate bee balm?

Bee balm can be propagated by division or by taking stem cuttings in the spring or fall. Division should be done every 3-4 years to prevent overcrowding.

Is bee balm edible?

Yes, bee balm leaves and flowers are edible and have a citrusy flavor. They can be used fresh or dried in teas, salads, or as a garnish.

How do I control powdery mildew on my bee balm plants?

Powdery mildew is a common problem for bee balm plants. To control it, make sure your plants have good air circulation by spacing them out properly and avoiding overhead watering. You can also treat powdery mildew with a fungicide or by spraying your plants with a solution of baking soda and water.

In conclusion, bee balm plants are versatile additions to any garden with their bright colors and ability to attract pollinators. By selecting the right type of bee balm for your growing conditions and following proper care instructions, you can enjoy these beautiful plants for years to come.