Ylang Ylang Plant Harvesting:
Optimal Time and Technique

The ylang ylang plant, scientifically known as Cananga odorata, is a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia. It is famous for its beautiful yellow flowers and its essential oil, which is widely used in perfumery and aromatherapy. Harvesting ylang ylang plants at the right time and using the correct techniques is crucial to obtain high-quality essential oil. In this article, we will explore the optimal time for harvesting ylang ylang plants and the techniques used for a successful harvest.

Optimal Time for Harvesting

Ylang ylang flowers are the primary source of the essential oil, as they contain the highest concentration of aroma compounds. However, harvesting the flowers too early or too late can result in a lower quality oil. The optimal time for harvesting ylang ylang flowers is when they are fully mature but have not yet started to turn brown.

It is important to note that the timing of flowering can vary depending on the climate and growing conditions. In general, ylang ylang trees tend to flower twice a year, with the main flowering season occurring during the warmest months.

To determine if the flowers are ready for harvest, closely observe their color and scent. Fully mature ylang ylang flowers will have a vibrant yellow color and a strong, sweet fragrance. Additionally, gently touch the flowers to ensure they are not turning brown or wilting. If the flowers meet these criteria, it is time to proceed with the harvest.

Harvesting Techniques

There are several techniques used for harvesting ylang ylang flowers, each with its own advantages and considerations. The most common methods include handpicking, shaking, and cutting.

Handpicking

Handpicking is a delicate method that involves manually plucking the flowers from the tree. This technique requires careful handling to avoid damaging both the flowers and the tree. It is particularly suitable for small-scale harvesting or when the trees are not densely planted.

To handpick ylang ylang flowers, gently hold the stem of the flower between your fingers and lightly pull it downwards. Avoid using excessive force, as this can damage the flowers or even break off branches. Collect the flowers in a basket or container to prevent them from being crushed.

Shaking

Shaking is a popular method for harvesting ylang ylang flowers in larger plantations. This technique involves gently shaking the tree to dislodge the flowers, allowing them to fall onto a collection sheet or net spread beneath the tree.

To shake ylang ylang trees, use a long pole or stick to reach the higher branches. Apply gentle but firm pressure to the trunk or branches to create vibrations that will loosen the flowers. Be cautious not to shake too vigorously, as this can cause damage to the tree or result in immature flowers falling.

Cutting

Cutting is another common technique used for harvesting ylang ylang flowers. This method involves using pruning shears or scissors to remove entire flower clusters from the tree.

To cut ylang ylang flower clusters, position the cutting tool just above where the cluster meets the branch and make a clean cut. Take care not to remove too many flower clusters from a single branch, as this can impact future flowering and overall tree health.

Post-Harvest Handling

After harvesting ylang ylang flowers, it is crucial to handle them properly to preserve their quality until they can be processed for essential oil extraction. Here are some post-harvest handling tips:

1. Sort and clean: Remove any damaged or wilted flowers from the harvested batch. This will ensure that only high-quality flowers are used for oil extraction.

2. Storage: Store the harvested flowers in a cool and dry place away from direct sunlight. Ideally, they should be processed for essential oil extraction within 24 to 48 hours.

3. Transport: If the flowers need to be transported to a processing facility, use appropriate containers that allow for airflow and prevent crushing or bruising of the flowers.

4. Processing: Once at the processing facility, the flowers can be steam distilled to extract the essential oil. This process involves passing steam through the flowers, which captures and carries the aromatic compounds to be collected and separated.

By following these post-harvest handling practices, the quality of the ylang ylang essential oil can be preserved, ensuring a desirable fragrance profile and maximum therapeutic benefits.

Conclusion

Harvesting ylang ylang plants at the optimal time and using the correct techniques is crucial for obtaining high-quality essential oil. By carefully observing the flowers’ color, scent, and touch, one can determine when they are fully mature and ready for harvest. Whether it be handpicking, shaking, or cutting, each harvesting technique has its advantages and considerations. Proper post-harvest handling is equally important to ensure the flowers’ quality until they can be processed for essential oil extraction. With these guidelines in mind, ylang ylang farmers can enhance their harvests and produce exceptional essential oil that is highly sought after in the fragrance industry.