What Are the Different Types of Tarragon Plant

Tarragon is a popular herb known for its distinct flavor and culinary uses. It is commonly used in French cuisine, particularly in sauces, dressings, and marinades. Tarragon belongs to the Asteraceae family and has several different varieties, each with its own unique characteristics. In this article, we will explore the different types of tarragon plants and their various attributes.

French Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)

French tarragon, also known as Artemisia dracunculus, is the most popular variety of tarragon used in cooking. It is characterized by its narrow, dark green leaves and a strong anise or licorice-like flavor. French tarragon does not produce seeds and must be propagated through cuttings or root division.

One of the key reasons why French tarragon is widely preferred over other varieties is its intense flavor. Its aromatic leaves add a unique taste to dishes, making it a staple in classic French recipes like béarnaise sauce and fines herbes blend. French tarragon can also be used to infuse vinegar or make herbal teas.

Russian Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculoides)

Russian tarragon, scientifically known as Artemisia dracunculoides, is another variety of tarragon commonly found in gardens. Unlike French tarragon, Russian tarragon produces seeds and can be grown from seedlings. However, it is important to note that Russian tarragon is often considered inferior to its French counterpart due to its milder flavor.

The leaves of Russian tarragon are broader and paler than those of French tarragon. While it still possesses some level of anise flavor, it lacks the same intensity and complexity found in French tarragon. This makes Russian tarragon less desirable for culinary purposes, especially in traditional French dishes where the distinct tarragon taste is desired.

Mexican Tarragon (Tagetes lucida)

Mexican tarragon, also known as Tagetes lucida, is a variety of tarragon native to Mexico and Central America. It is not botanically related to French or Russian tarragon but is often used as a substitute due to its similar flavor profile. Mexican tarragon is characterized by its bright yellow flowers and licorice-like taste.

The leaves of Mexican tarragon are broader and more robust than those of French tarragon. While it shares the same anise flavor, it also has hints of citrus and mint, adding a unique twist to dishes. Mexican tarragon is commonly used in Mexican cuisine, particularly in salsas, moles, and traditional herb blends like hierbas de olor.

Spanish Tarragon (Tagetes filifolia)

Spanish tarragon, scientifically known as Tagetes filifolia, is another variety of tarragon commonly found in certain regions. It is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Spanish tarragon closely resembles Mexican tarragon in terms of appearance and flavor.

The leaves of Spanish tarragon are thread-like and delicate, giving it a more delicate texture compared to other varieties. Its flavor profile is similar to that of Mexican tarragon, with a combination of anise, citrus, and mint flavors. Spanish tarragon is often used in regional cuisines where it grows naturally, adding a distinct touch to dishes.

Hybrid Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus ‘Sativa’)

Hybrid tarragon, also known as Artemisia dracunculus ‘Sativa,’ is a cross between French and Russian tarragon. It was developed to combine the desirable traits of both varieties – the intense flavor of French tarragon and the ability to produce seeds like Russian tarragon.

Hybrid tarragon is often preferred by home gardeners who want a tarragon variety that can be easily propagated from seeds. While it may not possess the exact same flavor as French tarragon, it still offers a good balance between the two parent plants. Hybrid tarragon is a versatile option for culinary use and can be used in a wide range of dishes.

Conclusion

Tarragon is a versatile herb with several different varieties, each offering its own unique characteristics and flavor profiles. French tarragon remains the most popular choice for culinary use due to its intense anise flavor, while Russian tarragon is often considered inferior. Mexican and Spanish tarragon provide alternative options with their distinct taste variations, suitable for specific regional cuisines. Hybrid tarragon combines the desirable traits of French and Russian varieties, offering a practical choice for home gardeners. Whichever type of tarragon you choose, incorporating this herb into your cooking will undoubtedly add a delightful touch to your dishes.