What Are the Different Types of Mullein Plant

Mullein, scientifically known as Verbascum, is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. This diverse genus is known for its tall stalks and vibrant flowers, which have made it a popular choice among gardeners and herbalists alike. With over 360 species, mullein plants come in various types, each with unique characteristics and uses. In this article, we will explore some of the different types of mullein plant.

Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)

The most well-known and widely cultivated type of mullein is the Common Mullein, scientifically known as Verbascum thapsus. It is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa but has been naturalized in many parts of the world. This biennial plant can grow up to 6 feet tall and features a tall stalk covered with soft fuzzy leaves. The leaves are gray-green and densely covered with fine hairs, giving the plant a woolly appearance.

Common Mullein produces yellow flowers that are densely clustered on a spike-like inflorescence. The flowers bloom from June to September and are known for their sweet fragrance. The flowers have medicinal properties and are often used in herbal remedies for respiratory conditions such as coughs, bronchitis, and asthma.

Moth Mullein (Verbascum blattaria)

Moth Mullein, also known as Verbascum blattaria, is another species of mullein that is native to Europe and Asia. Unlike the tall stature of Common Mullein, Moth Mullein is a smaller plant that typically reaches heights of 1 to 3 feet. It has slender stems and light green leaves that are less hairy compared to other mullein species.

The flowers of Moth Mullein are delicate and white with purple or pink markings towards the center. They resemble moths in flight, hence the common name. The flowers bloom from June to August and are loved by pollinators such as butterflies and bees. Moth Mullein is often grown in gardens for its ornamental value and to attract beneficial insects.

Olympic Mullein (Verbascum olympicum)

Native to the mountains of Greece and Turkey, Olympic Mullein, or Verbascum olympicum, is a striking perennial species. It grows up to 6 feet tall and forms a large basal rosette of dark green leaves. The leaves are thick and leathery, providing the plant with a unique appearance.

The flowers of Olympic Mullein are bright golden-yellow and are arranged in densely packed spikes. They bloom from mid to late summer and can last for several weeks. This mullein species is drought-tolerant and adapts well to rocky or dry soils, making it an excellent choice for xeriscaping gardens.

Purple Mullein (Verbascum phoeniceum)

Purple Mullein, scientifically known as Verbascum phoeniceum, is a popular garden plant that is native to the Alps of Europe. It is a short-lived perennial that typically grows up to 3 feet tall. This mullein species forms a rosette of gray-green leaves with prominent veins.

The flowers of Purple Mullein come in various shades of purple, ranging from light lavender to deep violet. They bloom from late spring to early summer and attract bees and butterflies. Purple Mullein is often used in cottage gardens, mixed borders, and rock gardens due to its compact size and attractive flowers.

Nettle-Leaved Mullein (Verbascum chaixii)

Nettle-Leaved Mullein, scientifically known as Verbascum chaixii, is a unique species of mullein that is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a short-lived perennial that typically reaches heights of 2 to 4 feet. This mullein species has narrow, lance-shaped leaves that resemble nettle leaves.

The flowers of Nettle-Leaved Mullein are distinctive and bi-colored, with pale yellow petals and purple stamens. They bloom from late spring to early summer and are loved by bees and other pollinators. Nettle-Leaved Mullein adds a touch of elegance to garden borders and is often used as a cut flower.

Conclusion

Mullein plants offer a wide variety of options for gardeners and herbalists alike. From the towering stalks of Common Mullein to the delicate flowers of Moth Mullein, each species has its own unique characteristics and uses. Whether it’s for ornamental purposes in the garden or for medicinal properties in herbal remedies, mullein plants are a versatile addition to any landscape. Consider incorporating these different types of mullein plant into your garden to enjoy their beauty and benefits.