Popcorn Plant Harvesting:
Optimal Time and Technique

Popcorn is a beloved snack all around the world, loved for its crispy texture and delightful taste. But have you ever wondered where popcorn comes from? Popcorn kernels are actually the seeds of a special variety of corn called popcorn plant. Harvesting popcorn plants requires careful timing and technique to ensure the best yield and quality. In this article, we will explore the optimal time and technique for harvesting popcorn plants.

Understanding Popcorn Plants

Before we delve into the details of harvesting popcorn plants, let’s first understand how they grow. Popcorn plants belong to the Zea mays everta species, a specific type of corn that has a hard outer shell and a starchy interior. Unlike other types of corn, the kernels of popcorn plants have a high moisture content and a tough hull, which allows them to burst open when heated.

Popcorn plants typically grow between 6 to 8 feet tall and require warm weather to thrive. They are usually planted in the spring and take around 90 to 100 days to mature. During this time, they go through several growth stages, including germination, vegetative growth, pollination, and kernel development.

Determining the Optimal Harvest Time

Harvesting popcorn plants at the right time is crucial for achieving the best yield and quality. The optimal harvest time for popcorn plants depends on several factors, including weather conditions, moisture content, and kernel ripeness.

Weather Conditions

Weather conditions play a significant role in determining the optimal harvest time for popcorn plants. It is ideal to harvest popcorn plants during dry weather when there is no rain or excessive humidity. Moisture in the air can increase the risk of mold formation on the harvested ears, which can reduce their quality.

Moisture Content

The moisture content of popcorn kernels is an essential factor to consider when determining the harvest time. Popcorn kernels need to have a moisture content of around 13-14% for optimal popping. Harvesting too early can result in underdeveloped kernels with low moisture content, leading to poor popping quality. On the other hand, harvesting too late can result in overly dry kernels that do not pop well.

To determine the moisture content of popcorn kernels, you can use a moisture tester or a simple method called the “squeeze method.” In the squeeze method, take a handful of mature ears and squeeze them tightly. If the kernels feel firm and do not release milky liquid, they are ready for harvest. However, if the kernels release milky liquid, they still need more time to mature.

Kernel Ripeness

Another crucial factor to consider when harvesting popcorn plants is the ripeness of the kernels. Popcorn kernels should be fully matured before harvesting to ensure optimal popping. Fully matured kernels are typically hard and have a glossy appearance. You can check the ripeness of the kernels by gently pressing your fingernail into one. If it leaves a dent or impression, the kernels are not yet fully matured. Wait until the kernels are hard enough to resist your fingernail pressure before harvesting.

Harvesting Techniques

Once you have determined that your popcorn plants are ready for harvest, it’s time to employ the proper technique to ensure a successful harvest.

Timing

Harvesting popcorn plants should ideally be done early in the morning when the weather is cool and dew has evaporated. This helps prevent excess moisture from accumulating on the harvested ears and reduces the risk of mold formation.

Cutting and Removing Ears

To harvest popcorn plants, start by cutting the stalks about 6 inches above ground level using a sharp knife or pruning shears. Make sure to remove any leaves or side shoots from the stalks before cutting them. This will make handling and storing the harvested ears easier.

Once you have cut the stalks, gently remove the ears from the stalks by twisting and pulling them downward. Avoid pulling too forcefully, as this can damage the ears or cause the kernels to fall off. Handle the ears with care to prevent any bruises or cuts that can affect their quality.

Drying and Storage

After harvesting, it is essential to dry the harvested popcorn ears properly to reduce their moisture content and prevent mold formation. Spread the ears in a single layer on a clean, dry surface in a well-ventilated area. Avoid stacking or piling the ears on top of each other, as this can trap moisture and hinder the drying process.

Allow the popcorn ears to dry for about two to three weeks, periodically checking their moisture content. Once the kernels reach a moisture content of around 13-14%, they are ready for storage. Store the dried popcorn ears in a cool, dry place in breathable containers such as burlap sacks or mesh bags. Avoid using plastic bags, as they can trap moisture and lead to mold formation.

Conclusion

Harvesting popcorn plants at the optimal time and using the proper technique is crucial for achieving high-quality popcorn kernels. Consider factors such as weather conditions, moisture content, and kernel ripeness when determining the harvest time. Harvest early in the morning and handle the ears with care to ensure minimal moisture content and avoid damage. Properly dry and store the harvested popcorn ears to maintain their quality until you are ready to enjoy them in your favorite bowl of popcorn.