Eastern white pine trees are majestic evergreen trees that are valued for their beauty and fast growth. However, like all plants, they are susceptible to pests that can damage their health and appearance. In this guide, we will discuss some of the most common pests that affect Eastern white pine trees, how to identify them, and the treatments available to control infestations.
Eastern Pine Shoot Borer (Eucosma gloriola)
The Eastern Pine Shoot Borer is a destructive pest that attacks new shoots and buds of Eastern white pine trees. The larvae of this moth bore into the shoots, causing them to wilt and die. Signs of infestation include stunted growth, wilting shoots, and sawdust-like frass near entry holes.
Treatment:
- Pruning: Prune and destroy infested branches to prevent the spread of the pest.
- Insecticides: Apply insecticides containing spinosad or Bacillus thuringiensis to control larvae.
White Pine Weevil (Pissodes strobi)
The White Pine Weevil is a common pest that attacks the leader or terminal shoot of Eastern white pine trees. Infestations can cause deformities in the tree’s growth, leading to a bushy appearance known as “shepherd’s crook.” Adult weevils feed on the bark of twigs, while larvae bore into the trunk.
Identification:
- Look for black or brown weevils with long snouts.
- Shepherd’s crook deformities in the terminal shoots.
Treatment:
- Pruning: Remove and destroy affected branches.
- Insecticides: Apply insecticides containing permethrin or carbaryl to control adult weevils.
Pine Needle Scale (Chionaspis pinifoliae)
Pine Needle Scale is a common pest that feeds on the needles of Eastern white pine trees. These small, oval-shaped insects attach themselves to the needles and suck out the sap, causing yellowing and premature shedding of needles. Heavy infestations can weaken the tree and make it more susceptible to other pests and diseases.
Identification:
- Look for small white or brown scales on the needles.
- Yellowing or browning of needles.
Treatment:
- Horticultural oils: Apply horticultural oils in early spring to suffocate scales.
- Insecticidal soap: Spray affected areas with insecticidal soap to control scale populations.
Zimmerman Pine Moth (Dioryctria zimmermani)
The Zimmerman Pine Moth is a serious pest that attacks the inner bark and wood of Eastern white pine trees. Larvae tunnel through the cambium layer, causing girdling and dieback of branches. Infestations are often not noticed until significant damage has already occurred.
Identification:
- Look for resinous pitch tubes on branches.
- Tunneling damage under the bark.
Treatment:
- Trunk banding: Wrap burlap bands around the trunk in early spring to trap larvae.
- Insecticides: Apply systemic insecticides containing imidacloprid to control larvae.
Conclusion
Maintaining healthy Eastern white pine trees requires vigilance in monitoring for common pests and taking prompt action to prevent infestations from spreading. By familiarizing yourself with the signs of these pests and using appropriate treatment methods, you can protect your trees and preserve their beauty for years to come. If infestations persist or if you are unsure of how to proceed, consult with a professional arborist for further assistance.