How to Upgrade an Existing Drainfield System

Drainfield systems, also known as leach fields or soil absorption systems, are essential components of septic systems. They play a crucial role in treating and dispersing wastewater from residential or commercial properties. However, over time, drainfields can become less effective due to various factors such as soil saturation, blockages, or aging infrastructure. Upgrading your existing drainfield system can enhance its efficiency and prolong its lifespan. This article will guide you through the steps and considerations involved in upgrading a drainfield system.

Understanding Your Existing Drainfield System

Before embarking on any upgrade, it’s important to understand your current drainfield system’s layout and function. Familiarize yourself with the following components:

• Septic Tank: The first step in the wastewater treatment process, where solids settle at the bottom and undergo anaerobic digestion.
• Distribution Box: This component distributes effluent evenly from the septic tank to the drainfield.
• Drainfield: Comprising a series of trenches filled with gravel or sand and perforated pipes, this area allows treated effluent to percolate into the soil.

Assessing Current Performance

To determine whether an upgrade is necessary, assess your existing system’s performance:

1. Signs of Malfunction: Look for symptoms like slow drainage, foul odors, pooling water, or soggy areas in your yard.
2. Soil Condition: Check for soil compaction or saturation which can impede drainage.
3. System Age: Consider how long your system has been in place; most drainfields last 20-30 years but may require upgrades sooner based on usage and maintenance.
4. Local Regulations: Review local codes and regulations regarding septic systems, as these may dictate required upgrades or repairs.

Planning Your Upgrade

Once you’ve assessed your existing drainfield system, it’s time to plan your upgrade.

Consult a Professional

Engaging a licensed septic system professional is critical for assessing needs and planning upgrades. A professional can:

• Evaluate your current system’s capacity and condition
• Recommend appropriate upgrades based on local regulations
• Assist in designing an efficient upgraded system

Determine Upgrade Needs

Depending on your assessment, consider these common upgrade options:

1. Repairing Existing Components: Sometimes simple repairs like clearing blockages or fixing leaks can restore functionality.
2. Expanding the Drainfield: If your current drainfield is too small for your household’s wastewater production, expanding it might be necessary.
3. Replacing Components: In some cases, replacing the distribution box or installing new pipes may be required for optimal performance.
4. Alternative Treatment Systems: Consider advanced treatment options like aerobic treatment units (ATUs) or sand filters that enhance wastewater treatment before it enters the drainfield.

Budgeting for Upgrades

Budgeting is a crucial step in your planning process. The cost of upgrading a drainfield system can vary significantly based on:

• The extent of repairs needed
• Local labor costs
• Materials required
• Permitting fees

It’s wise to obtain multiple quotes from qualified professionals to ensure you receive fair pricing.

Implementing Your Upgrade

After planning and budgeting for your upgrade, you can begin implementation. Follow these steps:

Secure Necessary Permits

Before commencing any work, check with local health departments to secure any necessary permits. Failure to do so can result in fines or required removal of unpermitted work.

Excavation

If you are expanding or replacing parts of the drainfield, excavation will be necessary. This involves:

1. Carefully Removing Soil: Use heavy equipment if needed but take care not to disturb surrounding areas unnecessarily.
2. Avoiding Damage: Ensure that existing utilities (water lines, electrical cables) are marked and protected during excavation.

Installing New Components

Once excavation is complete, follow these steps to install new components:

1. Install Distribution Box: If replacing it, ensure proper grading for water flow.
2. Lay Perforated Pipes: These should be placed on a bed of gravel for effective drainage.
3. Cover with Soil: After installation, cover with soil without compacting it excessively; this allows air flow necessary for treatment.

Inspect and Test the System

After installation is complete, conduct thorough inspections and tests:

1. Visual Inspection: Check for any visible signs of leaks or incorrect installation.
2. Run System Tests: Observe how well the enhanced system handles wastewater over a few days.

Ongoing Maintenance for Your Upgraded Drainfield System

Upgrading your drainfield system is only part of maintaining its effectiveness; ongoing maintenance is essential.

Regular Inspections

Schedule regular inspections every one to three years with a professional to catch potential problems early.

Pumping Septic Tank

Have your septic tank pumped out every three to five years depending on household size and usage to prevent solids from clogging the drainfield.

Monitor Water Usage

Be mindful of your household water consumption; excessive use can overload the drainfield system.

Avoid Certain Practices

Certain practices can harm your upgraded drainfield system:

• Avoid flushing non-biodegradable items
• Minimize usage of harsh chemicals that may disrupt bacterial activity in the septic tank
• Limit heavy vehicle traffic over the drainfield area which can compact soil

Conclusion

Upgrading an existing drainfield system is an investment in both property value and environmental health. By understanding your current setup and planning accordingly—with professional guidance—you can enhance the efficiency and longevity of your wastewater treatment system. With regular maintenance and mindful practices, you’ll ensure that your upgraded drainfield functions optimally for years to come, providing reliable service while protecting public health and local ecosystems.