Black Walnut Tree Seeds:
Guide to Storing, Sowing and Germination

Black walnut trees are not only prized for their valuable timber but also for their delicious nuts. If you have a black walnut tree on your property or are considering growing one, knowing how to handle the seeds is essential for successful propagation. In this guide, we will walk you through the process of storing, sowing, and germinating black walnut tree seeds.

Storing Black Walnut Tree Seeds

Properly storing black walnut tree seeds is crucial to maintaining their viability. Here are some key steps to follow:

Harvesting Seeds

Black walnuts typically fall to the ground in autumn when they are ripe. Collect the nuts promptly to prevent squirrels and other animals from pilfering them. Choose nuts that are free from cracks, holes, or signs of mold.

Cleaning Seeds

After harvesting, remove the outer hulls by wearing gloves to protect your hands from the staining juice. Soak the nuts in water for a few days to loosen the remaining pulp, then scrub them with a wire brush to clean off any residue.

Drying Seeds

Once the seeds are clean, spread them out in a single layer on a screen or mesh to air dry. Avoid stacking the nuts or placing them in airtight containers, as this can promote mold growth. Allow the seeds to dry completely before storing them.

Storage Conditions

Store the dried seeds in a breathable container such as a paper bag or mesh bag to prevent moisture buildup. Place the container in a cool, dry location with stable temperatures around 40-50°F (4-10°C). Check the seeds periodically for mold or signs of spoilage and discard any damaged ones.

Sowing Black Walnut Tree Seeds

When it comes time to sow your black walnut tree seeds, follow these guidelines for optimal results:

Stratification

Black walnut seeds require a period of cold stratification to break dormancy and initiate germination. Place the seeds in a container filled with moist peat moss or vermiculite and store them in the refrigerator for 90-120 days. Check the moisture levels regularly to prevent drying out.

Planting Time

Sow the stratified seeds in early spring once the danger of frost has passed. Choose a well-draining location with full sun exposure for planting. Create small holes about an inch deep and plant one seed per hole.

Soil Preparation

Prepare the soil by loosening it to a depth of at least 12 inches and incorporating organic matter such as compost or aged manure. Black walnut trees prefer slightly acidic soils with a pH range of 6.0-7.0.

Watering and Care

Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged during the germination period. Once the seedlings emerge, provide regular watering and mulch around the base of the plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Germinating Black Walnut Tree Seeds

After sowing your black walnut tree seeds, be patient as germination can take several weeks to months. Here are some tips for successful seedling establishment:

Monitoring Growth

Monitor the seedlings regularly for signs of growth such as emerging leaves or shoots. Keep an eye out for pests or diseases that may affect young plants and take appropriate measures if needed.

Thinning Seedlings

Once the seedlings reach a height of 6-8 inches, thin them out by removing weaker individuals to allow the stronger ones room to grow. Leave at least 20 feet between trees when planting them in their permanent location.

Transplanting Seedlings

When the seedlings are large enough to handle, carefully transplant them into larger containers or directly into the ground. Handle the roots gently to avoid damage and water the newly transplanted seedlings thoroughly.

By following these guidelines for storing, sowing, and germinating black walnut tree seeds, you can successfully grow these majestic trees on your property. With patience and care, you will be rewarded with beautiful black walnut trees that provide shade, timber, and tasty nuts for years to come.