Alfalfa Plant Harvesting:
Optimal Time and Technique

Alfalfa is a valuable forage crop that is widely grown for its high protein content and ability to improve soil fertility. Proper harvesting of alfalfa is crucial to maximize its nutritional value and overall yield. In this article, we will discuss the optimal time and techniques for harvesting alfalfa plants.

Optimal Time for Harvesting

The optimal time for harvesting alfalfa plants depends on several factors such as the stage of growth, weather conditions, and intended use. Generally, the best time to harvest alfalfa is when it is in the early bloom stage. At this stage, the plant has reached maximum yield potential while still maintaining high nutrient content.

Harvesting alfalfa at the early bloom stage ensures that it has a good balance of fiber, protein, and energy content, making it ideal for feeding livestock. It is important to avoid harvesting alfalfa when it is too mature, as the nutrient content decreases significantly as the plant continues to grow and develop.

Weather conditions also play a crucial role in determining the optimal time for harvesting alfalfa. It is best to harvest alfalfa when the weather is dry to prevent spoilage and maintain the quality of the forage. Wet or rainy conditions can delay harvesting and increase the risk of mold growth, which can affect the nutrient quality of the alfalfa.

Techniques for Harvesting

Mowing

Mowing is the most common method used for harvesting alfalfa plants. When mowing alfalfa, it is important to set the cutting height at around 2-3 inches above the ground level. This helps prevent damage to the crowns of the plant and promotes regrowth after harvest.

Using a sharp mower blade is essential to ensure a clean cut and minimize plant damage. Mowing should be done in the morning when the dew has dried off to prevent excessive moisture in the harvested material.

Conditioning

Conditioning is another important step in alfalfa harvesting that involves crimping or crushing the stems to promote faster drying. Conditioning helps reduce drying time and minimizes leaf loss during harvest.

There are various types of conditioning equipment available, such as rotary disc mowers or flail conditioners, that can be used depending on the scale of operation and desired results. Properly conditioned alfalfa dries faster and retains more nutrients compared to unconditioned forage.

Raking and Baling

After mowing and conditioning, the next step in alfalfa harvesting is raking and baling. Raking helps form uniform windrows for efficient drying and baling. It is important to rake alfalfa gently to minimize leaf loss and maintain forage quality.

Baling should be done when the alfalfa has reached the desired moisture content, typically around 15-18%. Baling too early can lead to mold growth, while baling too late can result in leaf shatter and reduced nutrient content.

Storage

Proper storage of harvested alfalfa is essential to maintain its quality and nutritional value. Baled alfalfa should be stored in a dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight to prevent spoilage. Stacking bales on pallets or gravel pads helps improve air circulation and reduces moisture buildup.

Regular monitoring of stored alfalfa for signs of mold or heating is important to ensure feed safety. Properly stored alfalfa can retain its nutrient content for an extended period, providing a valuable feed source for livestock throughout the year.

In conclusion, harvesting alfalfa at the optimal time using proper techniques is key to maximizing its nutritional value and overall yield. By following recommended practices for mowing, conditioning, raking, baling, and storage, farmers can ensure quality forage production that meets the needs of their livestock while enhancing soil fertility.